Hot spots in dogs can transform from a small irritation to a painful, infected wound in just hours. These rapidly developing skin lesions demand quick recognition and proper care to prevent serious complications.
When your dog can't stop scratching and you notice a red, moist area forming on their skin, you're likely dealing with a hot spot. Understanding when this common condition requires emergency veterinary care can make all the difference in your pet's recovery and comfort.
Top Questions About Hot Spots in Dogs
When should I take my dog to the vet for a hot spot?
Hot spots in dogs, also called acute moist dermatitis, are rapidly developing skin lesions that can worsen within hours. They need veterinary attention when they show signs of severe infection, rapid spreading, or cause extreme discomfort to your dog. If the hot spot is larger than a quarter, has a foul odor, or your dog seems unusually distressed, call a veterinary professional right away. Hot spots near the eyes, ears, or throat may also need quick care due to their sensitive locations.
How can I stop my dog from scratching at a hot spot?
Temporary relief from scratching can be achieved with a protective collar (E-collar) recommended by your veterinarian. Keeping your dog in a quiet, calm environment may reduce stress-related scratching. Never apply over-the-counter human medications to your dog's skin without veterinary guidance, as these can worsen the condition. Call your veterinarian for appropriate recommendations tailored to your dog's specific situation.
Are hot spots contagious to my other pets?
Hot spots themselves are not contagious between pets, but the underlying causes might be. Parasites like fleas or mites that trigger hot spots can spread to other animals in your household. If multiple pets show skin irritation, this could indicate a shared environmental trigger requiring veterinary assessment. Separate affected pets when possible until you receive professional guidance.
Why Do Hot Spots Develop
Hot spots develop when your dog's normal skin bacteria overgrow after the skin barrier is damaged by scratching, licking, or chewing. This self-trauma is typically triggered by underlying issues such as allergies, flea bites, ear infections, or even boredom and anxiety. Moisture trapped in thick fur creates the perfect environment for bacteria to multiply rapidly. Dogs with dense coats like Golden Retrievers and German Shepherds are particularly prone to developing these painful lesions.
Spotting Mild Cases
Mild hot spots appear as small, reddened areas that may be slightly moist but aren't deeply infected. The affected area might be less than an inch in diameter with minimal hair loss and drainage. Your dog may show some interest in the area but isn't obsessively licking or scratching. These early-stage hot spots might respond to home care under veterinary guidance, but should still be evaluated to address the underlying cause and prevent worsening.
Recognizing Serious Cases
Serious hot spots spread quickly, often doubling in size within 24 hours. They typically present as large, oozing sores with significant hair loss and a strong, unpleasant odor. Your dog may show signs of intense pain, including whimpering when the area is touched or aggressive behavior when approached. Hot spots near the eyes, ears, or throat require quick attention, as infection in these areas can lead to more serious complications. If your dog seems to have low energy or has a fever alongside the hot spot, seek veterinary care right away.
What To Do
Step 1: Call a Veterinary Professional
Contact a veterinary professional immediately if your dog's hot spot appears severe or is rapidly worsening. Describe the size, appearance, and your dog's behavior to help determine the urgency of the situation. Ask about current wait times and whether you should bring your dog in right away or schedule an appointment. Having this conversation first ensures your dog receives appropriate care in a timely manner.
Step 2: Protect the Affected Area
Gently clip the fur around the hot spot using blunt-ended scissors if your dog allows it without stress. This helps air reach the area and prevents further moisture buildup. Clean the area with a mild, veterinarian-approved solution if available. Never use alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, which can damage tissue and delay healing. Call your veterinary clinic for guidance on appropriate cleaning solutions and whether to offer food or water before your visit.
Step 3: Prepare for Your Pet's Visit
Transport your dog safely to minimize further irritation of the hot spot. A properly fitted E-collar can prevent additional self-trauma during the trip. Bring any relevant medical history and a list of current medications or supplements your dog takes. Stay calm during transport, as dogs can sense anxiety which may increase their stress levels.
Potential Life-Threatening Conditions
Severe Allergy Reactions
Untreated allergic reactions can progress beyond hot spots to cause widespread skin inflammation and secondary infections. In rare cases, these infections can enter the bloodstream, leading to fever, low energy, and potentially serious systemic infection. Dogs with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable to these complications. If your dog develops multiple hot spots or shows signs of feeling unwell throughout their body, seek veterinary care immediately.
Unmanaged Skin Infection
When hot spots are left untreated, the infection can penetrate deeper into the skin and surrounding tissues. This can lead to cellulitis, a painful spreading infection that may require intensive treatment. Signs that a hot spot infection has become serious include increased swelling, warmth, and redness extending well beyond the original area. Your dog may develop a fever or refuse to eat if the infection becomes systemic, requiring urgent medical intervention.
Preventing Future Hot Spots
Maintain Regular Grooming
Brush your dog regularly to prevent matting and remove loose fur that can trap moisture against the skin. During warm or humid weather, increase grooming frequency for thick-coated breeds. After swimming or bathing, thoroughly dry your dog's coat, paying special attention to areas prone to moisture retention.
Manage Allergies or Skin Irritants
Work with your veterinarian to identify and address underlying allergies that may trigger hot spots. Maintain consistent flea and tick prevention appropriate for your dog's needs. Address environmental factors by washing bedding regularly and using hypoallergenic detergents. For dogs with food sensitivities, follow your veterinarian's recommendations for an appropriate diet.
We're Here to Help
We understand how concerning it can be when your dog develops a painful hot spot. For mild symptoms like small areas of irritation without significant drainage or pain, your primary veterinarian may provide appropriate care. If your dog shows severe symptoms such as rapidly spreading lesions, significant pain, or signs of infection, call an emergency veterinarian immediately.
Our hospitals offer comprehensive care that can address both the immediate hot spot and any underlying conditions. If you're not sure, call us—we can talk you through the situation.
Key Takeaways
- Hot spots in dogs can progress rapidly, requiring quick action if they spread or cause severe discomfort.
- Call a veterinary professional if you see rapid worsening, and always verify service availability before heading to a clinic.
- Staying on top of grooming and controlling allergies helps prevent hot spots from recurring in sensitive dogs.
The information contained in the article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to take the place of the advice of a veterinarian.
